Assess the Sociological Perspectives on Crime Prevention....

The effectiveness of crime prevention strategies has increased in recent years and many sociologists believe that this is the result of society instilling tougher punishments upon its’ members. Despite this, there are many other approaches that attempt to reduce crime. However, they also have their limitations. Clarke believes that situational crime prevention is an approach that focuses on reducing the opportunities for crime to occur rather than improving society’s institutions. This is largely based on the rational choice theory, which demonstrates how criminals decide if they are going to carry out a crime based on its costs and benefits. Thus, situational crime prevention aims to reduce the benefits of crime and increase its’†¦show more content†¦Foucault however, argues that the prisons is one disciplinary institution that isn’t effective in reducing criminal activity through ‘self-surveillance’ as it urges an individual to dete r from the rest of society and their shared norms and values. He said that this constant supervision and forced discipline broke the will of the criminal and made him into a â€Å"docile body†. His book ‘Discipline and Punish’ lays out Foucault’s thoughts on how the elite in society dominate and control the rest of society. Prison’s major goal was to reduce crime by punishing the criminal. Prisons should also deter others from committing crimes. According to Foucault, prisons did not meet their objective; in fact they made criminals worse and this has infiltrated into all parts of society. In conclusion, there are many differences policies designed to reduce crime by approaching them in different ways. For example, SCP is an approach to reduces the ‘opportunities’ for crime where as social and community crime prevention attempts to reduce crime through tackling its’ root causes. Despite these differences some believe that priso ns from the 19th century remain the most effective in reducing crime. 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